Dec 14: Reversing #1
Challenge
an easy binary starter
pull out the Nugget out of this binary.
Solution
We get a .NET binary. We decompile the executable with ILSpy (http://ilspy.net/) and get the following C# code:
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using Microsoft.VisualBasic;
using Microsoft.VisualBasic.CompilerServices;
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace hv15
{
[DesignerGenerated]
public class Form1 : Form
{
public class GlobalVariables
{
public static string assembly = "__ERROR_HANDLER";
}
private IContainer components;
[AccessedThroughProperty("Button1")]
private Button _Button1;
[AccessedThroughProperty("TextBox1")]
private TextBox _TextBox1;
[AccessedThroughProperty("Label1")]
private Label _Label1;
[AccessedThroughProperty("PictureBox1")]
private PictureBox _PictureBox1;
[AccessedThroughProperty("Label2")]
private Label _Label2;
internal virtual Button Button1
{
get
{
return this._Button1;
}
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]
set
{
EventHandler value2 = new EventHandler(this.Button1_Click);
if (this._Button1 != null)
{
this._Button1.Click -= value2;
}
this._Button1 = value;
if (this._Button1 != null)
{
this._Button1.Click += value2;
}
}
}
internal virtual TextBox TextBox1
{
get
{
return this._TextBox1;
}
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]
set
{
this._TextBox1 = value;
}
}
internal virtual Label Label1
{
get
{
return this._Label1;
}
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]
set
{
this._Label1 = value;
}
}
internal virtual PictureBox PictureBox1
{
get
{
return this._PictureBox1;
}
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]
set
{
this._PictureBox1 = value;
}
}
internal virtual Label Label2
{
get
{
return this._Label2;
}
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.Synchronized)]
set
{
this._Label2 = value;
}
}
public Form1()
{
base.Load += new EventHandler(this.Form1_Load);
this.InitializeComponent();
}
[DebuggerNonUserCode]
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
try
{
if (disposing && this.components != null)
{
this.components.Dispose();
}
}
finally
{
base.Dispose(disposing);
}
}
[DebuggerStepThrough]
private void InitializeComponent()
{
ComponentResourceManager componentResourceManager = new ComponentResourceManager(typeof(Form1));
this.Button1 = new Button();
this.TextBox1 = new TextBox();
this.Label1 = new Label();
this.PictureBox1 = new PictureBox();
this.Label2 = new Label();
((ISupportInitialize)this.PictureBox1).BeginInit();
this.SuspendLayout();
Control arg_70_0 = this.Button1;
Point location = new Point(266, 143);
arg_70_0.Location = location;
this.Button1.Name = "Button1";
Control arg_98_0 = this.Button1;
Size size = new Size(87, 25);
arg_98_0.Size = size;
this.Button1.TabIndex = 0;
this.Button1.Text = "Verify";
this.Button1.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
Control arg_DA_0 = this.TextBox1;
location = new Point(266, 108);
arg_DA_0.Location = location;
this.TextBox1.Name = "TextBox1";
Control arg_105_0 = this.TextBox1;
size = new Size(333, 20);
arg_105_0.Size = size;
this.TextBox1.TabIndex = 1;
this.Label1.AutoSize = true;
Control arg_137_0 = this.Label1;
location = new Point(263, 79);
arg_137_0.Location = location;
this.Label1.Name = "Label1";
Control arg_162_0 = this.Label1;
size = new Size(336, 14);
arg_162_0.Size = size;
this.Label1.TabIndex = 2;
this.Label1.Text = "Please enter the daily Code and click on Verify";
this.PictureBox1.Image = (Image)componentResourceManager.GetObject("PictureBox1.Image");
Control arg_1B0_0 = this.PictureBox1;
location = new Point(12, 12);
arg_1B0_0.Location = location;
this.PictureBox1.Name = "PictureBox1";
Control arg_1DE_0 = this.PictureBox1;
size = new Size(233, 156);
arg_1DE_0.Size = size;
this.PictureBox1.TabIndex = 3;
this.PictureBox1.TabStop = false;
this.Label2.AutoSize = true;
this.Label2.Enabled = false;
Control arg_22B_0 = this.Label2;
location = new Point(438, 154);
arg_22B_0.Location = location;
this.Label2.Name = "Label2";
Control arg_256_0 = this.Label2;
size = new Size(161, 14);
arg_256_0.Size = size;
this.Label2.TabIndex = 4;
this.Label2.Text = "code by HACKVent santa";
SizeF autoScaleDimensions = new SizeF(7f, 14f);
this.AutoScaleDimensions = autoScaleDimensions;
this.AutoScaleMode = AutoScaleMode.Font;
size = new Size(617, 180);
this.ClientSize = size;
this.Controls.Add(this.Label2);
this.Controls.Add(this.PictureBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.Label1);
this.Controls.Add(this.TextBox1);
this.Controls.Add(this.Button1);
this.Font = new Font("Courier New", 8.25f, FontStyle.Regular, GraphicsUnit.Point, 0);
this.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.FixedToolWindow;
this.Name = "Form1";
this.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
this.Text = "HACKVent 2015";
((ISupportInitialize)this.PictureBox1).EndInit();
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();
}
private void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string text = this.TextBox1.Text;
string left = this.Encrypt(text, Form1.GlobalVariables.assembly);
if (Operators.CompareString(left, "zV5/UFU8PUD3N2T49IBuCwvGzCLYz39tkMZts7rfBU4=", false) == 0)
{
Interaction.MsgBox("yes, that is the key!", MsgBoxStyle.Information, "HACKVent 2015");
}
else
{
Interaction.MsgBox("nope, that is NOT the key!", MsgBoxStyle.Critical, "HACKVent 2015");
}
}
public string Encrypt(string input, string pass)
{
RijndaelManaged rijndaelManaged = new RijndaelManaged();
MD5CryptoServiceProvider mD5CryptoServiceProvider = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
string result;
try
{
byte[] array = new byte[32];
byte[] sourceArray = mD5CryptoServiceProvider.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(pass));
Array.Copy(sourceArray, 0, array, 0, 16);
Array.Copy(sourceArray, 0, array, 15, 16);
rijndaelManaged.Key = array;
rijndaelManaged.Mode = CipherMode.ECB;
ICryptoTransform cryptoTransform = rijndaelManaged.CreateEncryptor();
byte[] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(input);
result = Convert.ToBase64String(cryptoTransform.TransformFinalBlock(bytes, 0, bytes.Length));
}
catch (Exception expr_7B)
{
ProjectData.SetProjectError(expr_7B);
Exception ex = expr_7B;
Interaction.MsgBox(ex.Message, MsgBoxStyle.OkOnly, null);
result = "";
ProjectData.ClearProjectError();
}
return result;
}
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.Show();
this.TextBox1.Focus();
}
}
}
We see that the user input goes through an encrypt() function, and the base64-encoding of the result must equal zV5/UFU8PUD3N2T49IBuCwvGzCLYz39tkMZts7rfBU4=
. The encrypt functions performs a Rijndael encryption in ECB mode. The key is derived from the string "__ERROR_HANDLER"
(variable assembly
) by computing the MD5 hash, and using this to construct the key as follows (variable array
will contain the key) :
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Array.Copy(sourceArray, 0, array, 0, 16);
Array.Copy(sourceArray, 0, array, 15, 16);
So our key is:
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assembly = "__ERROR_HANDLER"
MD5(assembly) = E5B45EB06725D6A06F6C337C58730956
key for encryption = E5B45EB06725D6A06F6C337C587309E5B45EB06725D6A06F6C337C5873095600
Since we know our key and our desired output, we can now reverse the Rijndael encryption in C# to get the nugget as follows:
(This can also be done online using dotnetfiddle (https://dotnetfiddle.net/) )
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using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
string pass = "__ERROR_HANDLER";
string target= "zV5/UFU8PUD3N2T49IBuCwvGzCLYz39tkMZts7rfBU4=";
byte[] keyarray = new byte[32];
// Base64 decrypt target string
byte[] target2 = Convert.FromBase64String(target);
// Set our encryption/decryption key
MD5CryptoServiceProvider mD5CryptoServiceProvider = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
byte[] sourceArray = mD5CryptoServiceProvider.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(pass));
Array.Copy(sourceArray, 0, keyarray, 0, 16);
Array.Copy(sourceArray, 0, keyarray, 15, 16);
// Set up Rijndael Decrypt
RijndaelManaged rijndaelManaged = new RijndaelManaged();
rijndaelManaged.Key = keyarray;
rijndaelManaged.Mode = CipherMode.ECB;
ICryptoTransform cryptoTransformDecrypt = rijndaelManaged.CreateDecryptor();
// Do it
byte[] result = cryptoTransformDecrypt.TransformFinalBlock(target2,0, target2.Length);
System.Text.Encoding encoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding();
// print result
Console.WriteLine(encoding.GetString(result));
}
}
Flag
HV15-uQEJ-4HPX-Qcau-Xvt7-NAlP